Both SMAP-2D and SMAP-3D are state-of-the-art multi-phase nonlinear finite element analysis programs which can be applied to compute static, consolidation, or dynamic response of dry, saturated, or partially saturated soils and porous rocks.

Both SMAP-2D and SMAP-3D have especially useful features for earthquake analysis since they can continuously perform the static analysis followed by dynamic analysis with appropriate boundary change.

SMAP-2D is the 2-dimensional version which takes account of spherical symmetry, plane strain and axisymmetry configurations. And SMAP-3D is the 3-dimensional Version.

Over a decade, the programs have been continuously improved based on results of theoretical and experimental research works. The programs can be a useful tool for both research and practicing engineers to study geomechanical response of saturated or partially saturated soils and porous rocks.

Features

• Nonlinear elastoplastic material models for soils and porous rocks include Mohr-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager, Hoek & Brown In Situ Rock Models, Duncan & Chang Hyperbolic Model, Modified Cam Clay Model, and Single Yield Surface Lade Model. JWL Model is available to model the explosive charges.
• Nonlinear flow equation includes both laminar and turbulent flow terms such that at low flow velocity laminar term governs and at high flow velocity, turbulent term governs. The coefficient of permeability can be varied as a function of current porosity.
• Nonlinear compressibility properties of fresh and sea waters are built-in in the programs. For partially saturated porous materials, nonlinear compressibility of the air is explicitly modeled.
• Nonlinear compressibility equation of solid grain is derived based on empirical linear relations between wave velocity and particle velocity.
• Dynamic sources include explosive charges, pressure time histories, velocity time histories, initial velocities and base accelerations.
• Thermal expansion can be considered.
• Transmitting and repeating boundaries can be specified.
• Natural frequencies and mode shapes can be obtained.
• Multi-staged excavation, construction or temporary support can be simulated.
• Implicit or explicit time integration method can be used.
• Joint element allows separation and sliding along the interface. It can be used for modeling rock joints, fault zones, or structure-soil interfaces.
• Truss element allows yielding, buckling and post-buckling. It can be used for rock bolts and anchor bars.
• Beam element allows axial, bending, torsion, and shear deformations.
• Shell element allows bending, torsion, and membrane deformations.
• Programs contain automatic node renumbering scheme to reduce bandwidth.
• User friendly input window with detailed description.

Geometry Modeling and Load Generation

SMAP programs contain following pre-processors which make easier for finite element mesh and load generation:

• PRESMAP-2D consists of four different models; Model 1 for general shapes, Model 2 for near-fields around underground openings, Model 3 for triangular and rectangular shape geometry, and Model 4 for layered embankments having slope.
• NATM-2D generates two-dimensional finite element meshes and boundary conditions for typical NATM tunnels.
• LOAD-2D generates two-dimensional loads such as surface tractions, water pressures, specified velocities, etc.
• PRESMAP-GP is the general purpose pre-processing program which generates line, surface, and volume elements using rectangular, cylindrical, and polar coordinate systems.
• CROSS-3D generates three-dimensional finite element meshes and boundary conditions for crossing tunnels.
• GEN-3D extends typical two-dimensional meshes to three-dimensional coordinate system.
• LOAD-3D generates three-dimensional loads such as surface tractions, water pressures, specified velocities, etc.
• ADDRGN combines two different regions generated by pre-processing programs.
  

Graphical Output

Analysis results are interpreted graphically by post processing programs (PLTDS, PLTXY and FEMAP)

PLTDS is used for the following 2-D plots:

• Finite element mesh with element or node numbers
• Principal stress distributions
• Deformed shapes/displacement vectors
• Truss axial force/stress/strain
• Beam section force/stress/strain
• Contours of stresses/strains/motions

PLTXY is used for the following time history plots:

• Stress/strain time histories
• Displacement/velocity/acceleration time histories

FEMAP is used for the following 2-D and 3-D plots: